Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History

President Trump’s United States of American Trade Wars and African Countries

Akie Opuene Hart — 2025-12-15

This study examines the long-run consequences of the America First trade agenda by President Trump to the United States Africa trade nexus and questions the ways that African states can attune their strategies in the face of an increasingly competitive and transactional world economy to reap the accruing benefits of good economic performance. The paper attempts to assess the impact of reduced U.S involvement on the trade relations of Africa as it plots feasible course of action towards strategic change. The analysis is anchored in the theoretical perspective of International Political Economy (IPE) in that it preempts the intersection of political power relations, general economic policies, and the Africa position in the world trades fabric. A qualitative methodology was used, and a corpus of secondary sources was used as a basis of the research, including peer-reviewed academic literature, policy documents, and authentic international news reports, which were later subjected to a systematic content-analysis perspective. The empirical evidence shows that the safety nets established during the Trump regime created an air of uncertainty, reduced foreign aid, and broke the chain of investments into Africa. African countries, in turn, have been increasing their interaction with the newcomers in the economic arena, including China and Russia, but have also been strengthening their regional integration strategies, perhaps most notably with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The paper reiterates the need of African states to strengthen intra-regional cooperation, upgrade infrastructure, and diversify economic base and increased export drive to ensure sustainable economic development. To conclude, the need to adapt to a more competitive global trade environment requires the establishment of sound trade policies, the enhanced industrialisation processes, and the development of strategic relationships with partners beyond the traditional Western partners. In line with these findings, the paper recommends economic reforms,fortification of the AfCFTA to increase intra-African trade, investment in infrastructure and in Information and Communications Technology in order to increase ease of trade and global competitiveness, diversification of the exports as well as prioritization of industrialisation in order to reduce reliance on the export of the raw materials and vulnerability to the global economy. Best practices, due processes and anticorruption should be prioritized.

The Significance Of The Political Portrait Of The Emir Of Bukhara Abdulahad Khan In The Study Of History

Vakhabov Azizjon Khamidovich — 2025-12-11

The article sets out the theoretical foundations of the concepts of “political portrait” and “historico-political portrait”, and examines the possibilities of their application in studying the personality of the Emir of Bukhara, Said Abdulahad Khan. It is shown that the method of political portraiture serves as a means of bringing into a single system the psychological characteristics of a political leader, his political practice, and the various public perceptions of him. Using the example of Emir Abdulahad Khan, this method is demonstrated through a comparison of the contradictory images formed in the works of Ahmad Donish, Mirzo Salimbek, Sayyid Mansur Olimi, and other authors.

The Formation And Development Of Historical Topics In The Uzbekistan Press: The Conceptual Place Of The Newspaper “Bukhara Hakikati”

Xayriyev Javohirbek Oybek o‘g‘li — 2025-12-11

This article analyzes the article “A Glance at History” written by Sadriddin Ayni, a prominent son of the Bukhara people and one of the leading Uzbek Jadids, published in the June 24, 1938 issue of the newspaper “Bukhara Hakikati”. The study reinterprets how historical processes were covered in the press by applying modern scientific and theoretical approaches. The research systematically examines information about the socio-political structure of the Bukhara Emirate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including its taxation policy, the activities of officials, and the legal status of the population. Ayni’s critical observations are compared with the current processes of building a rule-of-law state in Uzbekistan, the electoral system, and democratic principles. The study scientifically highlights the continuity between historical developments and today’s reforms.

“Bukhara Sharif” Newspaper Is A Source Of Coverage Of The Social Life Of The Bukhara Emirate

Nosirov Sherzod O‘ktam o‘g‘li — 2025-12-11

This article analyzes the information on the social life of the Bukhara emirate from articles, news and various letters published in the columns of the newspaper "Bukhara Sharif" published in Bukhara in 1912-1913. The source value of the newspaper “Bukhara Sharif” in covering the education system and medicine of the Bukhara emirate, the lifestyle of the population, and everyday life is revealed by studying the original copies of the newspaper stored in the document fund of the Bukhara regional museum-reserve and the rare edition fund of the National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi.

History Writing In India During The Period Of Temurids

Azamat Ziyo — 2025-12-10

This study examines the development of Persian historiography in India during the Timurid (Babur) and early Baburid periods, emphasizing the critical role played by the Timurid rulers in fostering historical writing. The historiographical tradition in India predates the Timurids, drawing on oral narratives, religious texts, and epic literature such as the Vedas, Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa, Jātaka, Hitopadeśa, and Pañcatantra. However, it was the arrival of Zahir al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur and his descendants that catalyzed a systematic and sustained historiographical culture. Bābur’s Bāburnāma, written in Turkic and translated into Persian, not only provided a detailed narrative of political, social, and natural-geographical realities but also laid the foundation for the autobiographical approach in Indo-Persian historical writing. Subsequent historians and translators, including Gulbadan Begum, Abū’l-Fażl ʿAllāmī, Bayāzid Bayāt, and others developed upon Bābur’s legacy, producing seminal works such as the Humāyūnnāma, Akbarnāma, and Āʾīn-i Akbarī. Under the patronage of Akbar, Jahāngīr, Shāh Jahān, and Aurangzeb, translation activity flourished, incorporating texts from Sanskrit, Arabic, into Persian historiography. This facilitated a synthesis of political, cultural, and natural knowledge in historical writing. The study demonstrates that the Timurid rulers’ encouragement of historiography had a long-lasting impact on India’s cultural and literary landscape. By fostering the production, translation, and patronage of historical texts, they secured an enduring place in the evolution of Persian literature in India, particularly in historiography, shaping both methodology and content for subsequent generations.